How much does Donald Trump have to pay?

A New York judge on Friday ordered Trump and his companies to pay $355 million in fines, plus interest, after determining that he had manipulated his net worth in financial statements.

The stiff fine comes just weeks after Trump was ordered to pay $83.3 million to writer E. Jean Carroll for damaging his reputation after accusing him of sexual assault. Last year, a separate jury awarded Carroll $5 million from Trump for sexual abuse and defamation.

If interest payments were added to that, the sentences could deal a blow to the personal fortune that remains central to Trump’s political appeal. He has categorically denied any wrongdoing and has pledged to appeal, a process that could take months or even years.

In the meantime, here’s what we know about Trump’s debts, whether he’ll have to pay, and what comes next:

How much money does Trump owe now?

The verdict in the civil fraud trial requires Trump to pay interest on some of the deal profits he was ordered to forfeit. New York Attorney General Letitia James, who prosecuted the case, said the interest payments total $99 million and “will continue to increase every single day until paid.”

Between Friday’s ruling and the two rulings in the Carroll case, Trump would be in trouble for about $542 million in legal judgments.

Trump owes another $110,000 for refusing to comply with a subpoena in the civil fraud case and $15,000 for repeatedly disparaging the judge’s law clerk in violation of a gag order. As part of Friday’s ruling, the judge also ordered both of Trump’s sons to pay $4 million each.

Trump’s court-ordered debts don’t end there. Last month he was ordered to pay nearly $400,000 in legal fees to the New York Times after unsuccessfully suing the newspaper. He is currently appealing a $938,000 judgment against him and his lawyer for filing what a judge described as a “frivolous” lawsuit against Hillary Clinton.

Can you get a reduction on any of these judgments?

It is not uncommon for the size of sentences, particularly large ones, to be reduced on appeal.

The appeal in Trump’s civil fraud case will first be heard in a mid-level court. If he issues an unfavorable ruling, Trump could try to take the case to New York’s highest appeals court, although legal experts say that is unlikely.

How quickly will Trump have to pay?

Trump has already deposited $5 million owed to Carroll from the first defamation case into a court-controlled account, along with an additional $500,000 in interest required by New York law. Carroll will not have access to the funds until the appeal process concludes.

He may soon be forced to do the same for the $83.3 million judgment in the second Carroll verdict. Alternatively, he could secure a bond and pay only a portion up front, although that option would incur interest and fees and likely require some form of collateral. Trump would have to find a financial institution willing to guarantee his money.

In the civil fraud case, it will be up to the courts to decide how much Trump will have to pay as he files his appeal. And he could be required to pay the full sum immediately following the appeals court rules, which could come as early as this summer, according to University of Michigan law professor Will Thomas.

“New York’s justice system has shown a willingness to act quickly on some of these Trump-related matters,” Thomas said. “When we hear the first appeals court, that will be a point where money will almost certainly change hands.”

Can Trump afford to pay?

Trump has said he is worth more than $10 billion. Most estimates, including an assessment from New York’s attorney general, put that figure closer to $2 billion.

In his 2021 financial statement, Trump said he has just under $300 million in “cash and cash equivalents.” He has since made numerous sales, including his golf course in New York and his hotel in Washington, D.C., and may soon get a windfall when his social media company, Truth Social, goes public.

But even with these income streams, it’s unclear whether Trump and his family members have enough cash on hand to pay all the money they now owe. Could he use campaign contributions – or PAC money – to pay?

Federal election law prohibits the use of campaign funds for personal use. But the rules are much murkier when it comes to tapping political action committees – or PACs – for a candidate’s expenses.

Over the past two years, Trump’s Save America political action committee, his presidential campaign and his other fundraising organizations have committed $76.7 million in legal fees. Campaign finance experts expect Trump will try to spend the PAC money to somehow cover the cost of his lawsuits.

“The likelihood that the Federal Election Commission in its current configuration will prosecute these violations is not very high,” said Daniel Weiner, director of the Brennan Center’s Elections and Government Program. Can he or his companies file for bankruptcy?

Under the judge’s ruling Friday, Trump would still be required to pay even if the Trump Organization files for bankruptcy. If Trump were to file for bankruptcy personally, enforcement of the judgment against him would be suspended. But political commentators say such a drastic step is unlikely.

Despite the fact that many of his previous companies have failed, Trump has repeatedly boasted that he has never, personally, declared bankruptcy.

What if Trump simply refused to pay the money?

Legally, Trump would face the same consequences as any American who refuses to pay a legal judgment, including having his assets seized and his wages garnished.

“The president is not a king and his assets are not sacrosanct just because he is the president,” Weiner said.

The judge overseeing Trump’s civil fraud case on Friday appointed an additional monitor to oversee the Trump Organization’s finances, finding they could not be trusted to follow the law. If Trump refuses to make the payments, courts would have additional discretion to prosecute Trump and his businesses.

“They have enormous power, especially for someone like Trump who has material assets within the state,” said Thomas, the law professor. “The court might say we will freeze your bank account. Or worse yet, they might say, ‘We’re going to take over Trump Tower and put it up for sale.’”